A Closer Look at the George Floyd Murder Charges and the State's Case.
The Derek Chauvin trial is scheduled to begin on March 8th at the Hennepin County Courthouse in downtown Minneapolis. At this point, the Judge has ruled on many of the evidentiary issues involving admissibility of certain evidence, venue and even separating the trials of Chauvin and his co-defendants. The purpose is supposedly to narrow the amount of admissible evidence and to provide a fair trial. This also narrows what comes in and limits what the prosecution and defense can use to drive the jury one direction or the other. Regardless, it will be a massive challenge to keep out any preconceived notions. This case was everywhere. See the amended complaint.
Chauvin faces two charges:
COUNT I
Charge: Second Degree Murder - Unintentional - While Committing A Felony
Minnesota Statute: 609.19.2(1)
Maximum Sentence: Imprisonment of not more than 40 years. Offense Level: FelonyOffense Date (on or about): 05/25/2020
Control #(ICR#): 20200338
Charge Description: That on or about May 25, 2020, in Hennepin County, Minnesota, Derek Michael Chauvin, caused the death of a human being, George Floyd, without intent to effect the death of any person, while committing or attempting to commit a felony offense other than criminal sexual conduct in the first or second degree with force or violence or a drive-by shooting, namely assault in the third degree.
This is frequently known as Felony Murder in Minnesota. The reason for this charge is that it avoids the State being required to prove that Chauvin intentionally tried to murder George Floyd. Rather, while committing a felony, specifically a 3rd degree assault, George Floyd died. It is a lower standard and easier to prove. The potential sentence is also much lower.
COUNT II
Charge: Second Degree Manslaughter - Culpable Negligence Creating Unreasonable Risk
Minnesota Statute: 609.205(1)
Maximum Sentence: Imprisonment of not more than 10 years, or payment of a fine of not more than $20,000, or both.
Offense Level: FelonyOffense Date (on or about): 05/25/2020
Control #(ICR#): 20200338
Charge Description: That on or about May 25, 2020, in Hennepin County, Minnesota, Derek Michael Chauvin caused the death of another, George Floyd, by his culpable negligence, creating an unreasonable risk and consciously took the chances of causing death or great bodily harm to another, George Floyd.
The purpose of the manslaughter charge is that the State can focus on showing Chauvin’s behavior was culpably negligent and carried an unreasonable risk. Again, this is a much lower standard than an intentional murder charge. Like the Felony Murder charge, the potential sentence is much lower than a 2nd degree intentional murder charge.
There was a third degree murder charge that may still be in play but Judge Cahill tossed the charge. The State is currently trying to get the charge reinstated. We will see. It is still in the original amended complaint. See the amended complaint.
The elements of both of the remaining charges will be the focus of the trial. Both sides will try to create a narrative to convince the jury of their case. While the prosecutor has the burden of proof, they have some pretty compelling evidence. This is the State’s narrative:
STATEMENT OF PROBABLE CAUSE FROM THE ORIGINAL COMPLAINT
On May 25, 2020, someone called 911 and reported that a man bought merchandise from Cup Foods at 3759 Chicago Avenue in Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnesota with a counterfeit $20 bill. At 8:08 p.m.,Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) Officers Thomas Lane and J.A.Kueng arrived with their body worn cameras (BWCs) activated and running. The officers learned from store personnel that the man who passed the counterfeit $20 was parked in a car around the corner from the store on 38th Street.
BWC video obtained by the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension shows that the officers approached the car,Lane on the driver's side and Kueng on the passenger side. Three people were in the car; George Floyd was in the driver's seat, a known adult male was in the passenger seat and a known adult female was sitting in the backseat. As Officer Lane began speaking with Mr. Floyd, he pulled his gun out and pointed it at Mr. Floyd's open window and directed Mr. Floyd to show his hands. When Mr. Floyd put his hands on the steering wheel,Lane put his gun back in its holster.
While Officer Kueng was speaking with the front seat passenger, Officer Lane ordered Mr. Floyd out of the car, put his hands on Mr. Floyd, and pulled him out of the car. Officer Lane handcuffed Mr. Floyd.
Once handcuffed,Mr. Floyd walked with Officer Lane to the sidewalk and sat on the ground at Officer Lane's direction. When Mr. Floyd sat down he said “thank you man” and was calm. In a conversation that lasted just under two minutes,Officer Lang asked Mr. Floyd for his name and identification. Officer Lane asked Mr. Floyd if he was "on anything" and noted there was foam at the edges of his mouth. Officer Lane explained that he was arresting Mr. Lloyd for passing counterfeit currency.
At 8:14 p.m., Officers Kueng and Lanestood Mr. Floyd up and attempted to walk Mr. Floyd to their squad car. As the officers tried to put Mr. Floyd in their squad car, Mr. Floyd stiffened up and fell to the ground. Mr. Floyd told the officers that he was not resisting but he did not want to get in the back seat and was claustrophobic.
MPD Officers Derek Chauvin (the defendant) and Tou Thao then arrived in a separate squad car.
The officers made several attempts to get Mr. Floyd in the backseat of their squad car by pushing him from the driver's side. As the officers were trying to force Mr. Floyd in the backseat, Mr. Floyd repeatedly said that he could not breathe. Mr. Floyd did not voluntarily sit in the backseat and the officers physically struggled to try to get him in the backseat.
The Defendant went to the passenger side and tried to get Mr.Floyd into the car from that side and Lane and Kueng assisted.
The defendant pulled Mr. Floyd out of the passenger side of the squad car at 8:19:38 p.m. and Mr. Floyd went to the ground face down and still handcuffed.Kueng held Mr. Floyd's back and Lane held his legs.The defendant placed his left knee in the area of Mr. Floyd's head and neck. Mr. Floyd said, "I can't breathe" multiple times and repeatedly said,"Mama" and "please," as well. At one point, Mr. Floyd said “I’m about to die.” The defendant and the other two officers stayed in their positions.
One of theofficerssaid,"You are talking fine" to Mr.Floyd as he continued to move back and forth. Lane asked, "should we roll him on his side?" and the defendant said,"No, staying put where we got him." Officer Lane said," I am worried about excited delirium or whatever." The defendant said,"That's why we have him on his stomach." The defendant and Kueng held Mr. Floyd’s right hand up. None of the three officers moved from their positions.
While Mr. Floyd showed slight movements, his movements and sounds decreased until at 8:24:24, Mr. Floyd stopped moving. At 8:25:31 the video appears to show Mr. Floyd ceasing to breathe or speak. Lane said, "want to roll him on his side." Kueng checked Mr. Floyd's right wrist for a pulse and said, "I couldn't find one." None of the officers moved from their positions.
At 8:27:24, the defendant removed his knee from Mr. Floyd's neck. An ambulance and emergency medical personnel arrived, the officers placed Mr. Floyd on a gurney, and the ambulance left the scene. Mr. Floyd was pronounced dead at Hennepin County MedicalCenter.
TheHennepinCountyMedicalExaminer(ME)conductedMr.Floyd'sautopsyonMay26,2020. While the ME did not observe physical findings supportive of mechanical asphyxia, the ME opines that Mr. Floyd died from cardiopulmonary arrest while being restrained by law enforcement officers. The autopsy revealed that Mr. Floyd had arteriosclerotic and hypertensive heart disease, and toxicology testing revealed the presence of fentanyl and evidence of recent methamphetamine use. The ME opined that the effects of the officers’ restraint of Mr. Floyd, his underlying health conditions, and the presence of the drugs contributed to his death. The ME listed the cause of death as “[c]ardiopulmonary arrest complicating law enforcement subdual, restraint, and neck compression,” and concluded the manner of death was homicide.
The defendant and Officers Lange and Kueng subdued Mr. Floyd prone to the ground in this manner for nearly 9 minutes. During this time, Mr. Floyd repeatedly stated he could not breathe and his physical condition continued to deteriorate such that force was no longer necessary to control him. The defendant had his knee on Mr.Floyd's neck for 8 minutes and 46 seconds in total. Two minutes and 53 seconds of this was after Mr. Floyd was non-responsive.Police are trained that this type of restraint with a subject in a prone position is inherently dangerous. Officer Chauvin’s restraint of Mr. Floyd in this manner for a prolonged period was a substantial causal factor in Mr. Floyd losing consciousness, constituting substantial bodily harm, and Mr. Floyd’s death as well.
While the evidence may seem overwhelming, there is one thing I have learned trying a lot a criminal cases in Minnesota courtrooms, don’t believe what the complaint says. See the amended complaint. It in itself is not admissible. It all depends upon what comes into evidence and how the jury sees it. The State’s case generally never gets any better than the complaint. Jury selection will be the first step.
This is going to be a long and brutal trial and it seems clear the tension will likely be equally bad both inside and outside of the courtroom.
Jack Rice is a former prosecutor, a Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist and sought after criminal defense attorney in the Twin Cities. His thoughts are based upon dozens and dozens of criminal jury trials in Minnesota including everything from felony assaults to rape to murder. Jack is a available for free consultations.